What Is Psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition causing rapid skin cell buildup, leading to thick, red, scaly, and itchy patches (plaques). It commonly appears on the knees, elbows, scalp, and back, and is non-contagious. The condition is linked to genetic factors and external triggers such as stress, infections, and skin injuries that lead to immune system dysregulation.
How Do I Know I Have Psoriasis?
Affected skin typically shows red, raised patches covered with silvery-white scales, and may become dry, cracked, or bleed, often accompanied by burning or itching. Nails may show pitting, discoloration, or crumbling. Some patients may experience joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, indicating possible psoriatic arthritis.
What Are The Risks And Complications?
Untreated psoriasis with thick plaques on hands and feet may result in considerable functional limitation, and plaques can spread extensively. Approximately 20% of psoriasis patients may develop arthritis. Psoriasis patients have a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome including obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and elevated sugar levels, particularly in adults above 40 years of age.
What Are The Treatment Options Available?
Mild psoriasis of limited extent can be treated with topical therapies such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, vitamin D analogues, coal tar, and salicylic acid preparations. Moderate to severe cases may require narrowband UVB phototherapy, oral acitretin, or conventional immunosuppressive agents such as ciclosporin and methotrexate. Biologic therapies targeting immune pathways (TNF alpha, IL-17, and IL-23) are available for moderate to severe psoriasis, with treatment approaches determined by your doctor based on disease severity and individual factors.
